The isolates' cytotoxicity and antioxidant capacity were respectively evaluated using the MTT assay and the ABTS kit. Immune reaction The isolation of thirty-four compounds from *R. aesculifolia* included the elucidation of stigmastane-6-methoxy-3. 5-diol(1), stigmastane-3, 5, 6 triol(2), -sitosterol(3), -daucosterol(4), Infectious model stigma-4-en-3-one(5), bergenin(6), 11, D-glucopyranosyl-bergenin(7), 11-O-galloybergenin(8), 14, 6-tri-O-galloyl, D-glucose(9), gallic acid(10), 34-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester(11), ethyl gallate(12), ethyl 34-dihydroxybenzoate(13), caffeic acid ethyl ester(14), p-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid(15), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(16), 23-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-one(17), 37-dimethyl-2-octene-17-diol(18), crocusatin-B(19), neroplomacrol(20), geniposide(21), 3-hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid(22), 3-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-olean-12-en-27-oic acid(23), aceriphyllic acid G(24), isolariciresinol(25), trans-rodgersinine B(26), cis-rodgersinine A(27), neo-olivil(28), (7S, 8R)-dihydro-3'-hydroxy-8-hydroxy-methyl-7-(4- hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)-1'-benzofuranpropanol(29), 53', 4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone(30), quercetin 3-rutinoside(31), catechin-[87-e]-4-(34-dihydroxy-phenyl)-dihydro-2(3H)-pyranone(32), ethyl -L-arabino-furanoside(33), and l-linoleoylglycerol(34). Newly identified compound 1 joins a list of other compounds. R. aesculifolia yielded twenty-five compounds for the first time. Twenty-two compounds were initially isolated from the Rodgersia species. Compounds 22-24 exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2, MCF-7, HCT-116, BGC-823, and RAFLS cell lines, as indicated by IC50 values ranging from 589 mol/L to 205 mol/L. The antioxidant capacity of compounds 8-14 and 30-32 was noteworthy, with compound 9 showcasing the most significant antioxidant activity, achieving an IC50 of 200012 mol/liter.
This study involved the extraction of crude polysaccharides from Shengfupian, followed by purification via the Sevag deproteinization technique. Employing both DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 co-lumn techniques, the purified neutral polysaccharide fragment was obtained. By employing ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ion chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography, the polysaccharide structure was determined. To ascertain the anti-inflammatory effect of Shengfupian polysaccharides, RAW2647 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. TA 7284 We analyzed CD86 antibody expression on the surface of M1 cells, macrophage function, and the concentration of NO and IL-6 in the supernatant fluids. An H22 tumor-bearing mouse model of immunodepression was developed to assess the immunomodulatory effects of Shengfupian polysaccharides, focusing on tumor growth inhibition, immune organ size and function, and serum cytokine concentrations. Shengfupian polysaccharides (80,251 Da) were found to be comprised of arabinose, galactose, glucose, and fructose in a molar ratio of 0.0004:0.0018:0.0913:0.0065, according to research findings. The object's appearance, as viewed by the scanning electron microscope, was characterized by a mix of smooth and lumpy textures. Within the concentration range of 25 to 200 grams per milliliter, Shengfupian polysaccharides proved to be virtually non-toxic to RAW2647 cells. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in the M1 inflammatory cell phenotype and reduced levels of NO and IL-6 in the cell supernatant. Cellular phagocytosis was suppressed at a concentration of 25 grams per milliliter, while within the concentration range of 100-200 grams per milliliter, the substance notably stimulated phagocytosis of RAW2647 cells. In a mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced spleen damage, treatment with 200 mg/kg of Shengfupian polysaccharides led to a reduction in spleen injury, an increase in serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, and a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In conclusion, Shengfupian polysaccharides' anti-inflammatory and mild immunomodulatory effects could provide the mechanistic basis for Aconm Lateralis Radix Praeparaia's therapeutic actions in dispelling cold and relieving pain.
This study investigated the impact of incorporating different adjunct rice types, specifically Japonica, millet, yellow, black, and glutinous rice, on the quality of steamed Rehmanniae Radix (RSRR), and analyzed the resulting anti-osteoporosis effects. To optimize adjuvant rice for RSRR, a comprehensive weighted scoring method incorporating UPLC-MS/MS analysis of catalpol and rehmannioside D levels, alongside character and taste evaluations, was utilized to comprehensively assess the influence of various auxiliary rice on RSRR quality. An osteoporosis model in rats was developed via the ovariectomy procedure. Randomly distributed SD rats were categorized into a sham surgery cohort, a model cohort, a positive control cohort, and low- and high-dose cohorts administered Rehmanniae Radix, RSRR, steamed Rehmanniae Radix, and Epimedii Folium-RSRR. Following a twelve-week course of treatment, measurements were taken of body weight, bone calcium content, and bone mineral density. Japonica rice emerged as the superior adjuvant, based on the results, due to its highest comprehensive RSRR steamed by Japonica rice score. RSRR Rehmanniae Radix, steamed Rehmanniae Radix, and Epimedii Folium-RSRR might contribute to the augmentation of bone calcium content and bone mineral density, thus potentially combating osteoporosis. The effectiveness of RSRR in treating osteoporosis surpassed that of Rehmanniae Radix. Nevertheless, a notable similarity existed between RSRR and steamed Rehmanniae Radix preparations. Through this study, Japo-nica rice was identified as the most suitable adjuvant for RSRR, thereby proving RSRR's anti-osteoporosis efficacy and laying the groundwork for future research into RSRR's pharmacological actions and underlying mechanisms.
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a persistent and intractable inflammatory bowel disease, presents with recurrent symptoms. In the context of treating ulcerative colitis, Coptidis Rhizoma and Bovis Calculus, functioning as heat-clearing and toxin-removing agents, have found historical applications. Berberine (BBR) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the principle active components of Coptidis Rhizoma and Bovis Calculus, respectively, were used in a stimulated co-decoction process to yield UDCA-BBR supramolecular nanoparticles with the aim of potentiating therapeutic efficacy against ulcerative colitis (UC). Supramolecular nanoparticles, as examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), exhibited a tetrahedral morphology and an average particle size of 180 nanometers. Through the application of ultraviolet, fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, the molecular structure was established. From the results, it can be concluded that the formation of the supramolecular nano-particle was due to the combined forces of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction between BBR and UDCA. Characteristically, supramolecular nanoparticles displayed a sustained release profile and exhibited pH sensitivity. The induction of the acute ulcerative colitis (UC) model in mice was achieved by administering dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Supramolecular nanoparticles were found to effectively reduce body mass and colon length in mice with UC (ulcerative colitis) with a statistically significant result (P<0.0001), also causing a decrease in disease activity index (DAI) (P<0.001). A comparison of the supramolecular nanoparticle group and the mechanical mixture group revealed statistically significant differences, with p-values less than 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations. Supramolecular nanoparticles significantly decreased serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 (P<0.0001), showing a substantial difference compared to the mechanical mixture group (P<0.001, P<0.005). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that supramolecular nanoparticles decreased neutrophil infiltration into the lamina propria of the colon (P<0.005), a change substantially distinct from the mechanical mixture group (P<0.005). The results underscored the potential of supramolecular nanoparticles to effectively address the symptoms of acute ulcerative colitis in mice, exceeding the performance of a mechanical blend. A new line of research is presented by the study, concerning the deficient absorption of small molecules and the unsatisfactory outcomes from traditional Chinese medicine, forming a crucial basis for research on nano-drug delivery systems in traditional Chinese medicine.
Each year, the characteristic black spot on Pseudostellaria heterophylla surfaces in Zherong County, Fujian, during the wet season, generally between April and June. The yield and quality of the medicinal material from *P. heterophylla* are greatly affected by black spot, a critical leaf disease. The identification and characterization of black spot pathogens commenced with their isolation, classification as an Alternaria species based on Koch's postulates, and concluding with evaluating their pathogenic properties and biological makeup. Pathogens responsible for the black spot disease of P. heterophylla were definitively identified as A. gaisen, based on a consistent match in colony morphology, spore characteristics, sporulation patterns, and phylogenetic placement within the same clade as A. gaisen. This placement was confirmed by a 100% maximum likelihood support rate and a 100% Bayesian posterior probability on a phylogenetic tree constructed from tandem ITS, tef1, gapdh, endoPG, Alta1, OPA10-2, and KOG1077 sequence data. For optimal mycelial growth of the pathogen, the environment required a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, a pH range from 5 to 8, and a 24-hour period in the dark. The 10-minute treatment at 50 degrees Celsius proved lethal to both mycelia and spores. We are presenting the first observation of A. gaisen's causal link to the black spot disease in P. heterophylla. The results could serve as a theoretical basis for the management and diagnosis of P. heterophylla leaf spot disease.
This study investigated the impact of varying stereoscopic traction heights on the photosynthetic performance and growth of Codonopsis pilosula, a critical factor in mitigating stem and leaf shading during the intermediate and later stages of traditional flat planting, ultimately aiming to optimize traction height for improved yield and quality. The experimental design included three stereo-scopic traction heights, H1 (60 cm), H2 (90 cm), and H3 (120 cm), with the control group (CK) featuring natural growth without traction. The observed effects of increased stereoscopic traction heights included enhanced growth space for C. pilosula stems and leaves, improved aeration, a noticeable upsurge in average daily net photosynthetic rate, facilitated uptake of intercellular CO2, decreased transpiration rate, and lessened water evaporation.